![]() Hormones perform functions in target cells near or far from the release site. ![]() The human endocrine system is an integrated structure of multiple organs able to synthesize and release chemical messengers, named hormones. Thus, the biochar showed a good and viable option for removal of contaminants, such as hormones. In the fixed bed test the removal capacity was more than 80% for both endocrine disruptors. Images from scanning electrons microscopy showed that the 600 ☌ biochar presented higher porosity than others. The Langmuir model isotherm indicated a maximum adsorption capacity of 232.64 mg progesterone/g biochar, and 138.98 mg EE2/g biochar. The Langmuir model fits better to progesterone while the Freundlich model fits better to EE2. Then, adsorption parameters (isotherm and kinetics), fixed bed tests and biochar characterization were carried out. The biochar obtained at 600 ☌ showed the best removal efficiency results. The residual concentrations of the endocrine disruptors were determined by HPLC. The biochar was firstly tested in a pilot batch with 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and progesterone. Pyrolysis was carried out in three different conditions at 250 and 450 ☌, with a residence time of 1 h, and at 600 ☌ with a residence time of 20 min. In this way, a novel biochar from the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) was produced and assessed to remove endocrine disruptor from water in batch and fixed-bed method. The agricultural residues are ecofriendly alternatives for removing contaminants from water.
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